Walking and gross motor skills
12–24 months: large individual differences, first uncertain steps, rapid qualitative progress, walking up stairs one foot at a time with support (and towards the end alternating feet).
24–36 months: walking backwards too, running, walking up stairs alternating feet, down stairs with support. The child kicks a ball, throws a ball and tries to catch it. They can stand on one leg for a moment.
Fine motor skills (self-care)
12–24 months: can eat with a spoon, around eighteen months drink from a cup, around two years brush their teeth, practising sitting on the potty, attempts at taking clothes off.
24–36 months: progress in self-care – washing their hands and face, drying themselves. They can hold a cup in one hand, undo a button, put on simpler clothes, turn the pages of a book, thread beads. Regular meals together and encouraging independence at the table are an excellent opportunity to develop fine motor skills.
Pre-writing skills
12–24 months: first interest in drawing, making lines – what matters is the process, not the result. The pencil grip is still palmar; hand–eye coordination is developing.
24–36 months: gradually lines within boundaries, circular scribbles, attempts at a circle, a ladder, a sun. Some children make their first attempts at a figure (a "head-footer"). The grip starts to become a finger grip.